This chapter deals primarily with the effects of urban area expansion and population increase on forest and rangelands.

This chapter describes forest condition and structure, logging and forestry, and forest planning and management.

This section describes different ways to measure forest condition, including presence of particular plant and animal groups, presence of pests and disease, nutrient cycling, and tree and forest damage and mortality.

This section describes ways that forests are monitored, managed, protected, and practices regulated.

This section describes ways that forest structure (e.g., tree density) and composition (e.g., types of trees) can be measured.

This section includes indicators of logging and forestry practices and outcomes for forests where these activities take place.

This chapter includes discussion of the biological, physical, and chemical impacts of grazing on rangelands and the social and economic benefits and impacts of rangeland management.

This section includes indicators of native and non-native plants and animals that occur and that are affected by rangeland management.

This section includes discussion of economic consequences to rangeland communities of maintenance or changes in rangeland extent and management.

This section includes indicators for the social consequences of rangeland management and conditions in communities in and around rangelands.

This section talks about the physical and chemical consequences to soil and water from rangeland management.

This section describes ways to measure types of native and non-native vegetation and vegetation response to rangeland management.

This chapter describes ways that naturally-occurring and human-set wildfires affect people and communities in forested and rangeland areas.

This section includes indicators for fire ecology (e.g., how often fires occur) and effects on natural systems.

This chapter discusses native and non-native insects and diseases that can injure or kill trees and forests. It also talks about ways that air quality affects forests.

This chapter describes indicators for water and aquatic ecosystems.

This chapter discusses ways to measure the consequences of growing trees in urban areas.

This chapter describes ways that new and emerging markets that use and affect forest and rangeland products can be measured.

This chapter provides indicators of economic and social conditions in rural communities in and near forest and rangeland areas.

This chapter provides indicators of biodiversity, wildlife and their habitat in forests and rangelands.

This section provides measures of wildlife and habitat diversity, which contribute to the overall idea of biodiversity.

This section talks about measures of habitat structure, which can affect wildlife presence, variety, and movement.

This chapter provides measures of the open space and park amenities and benefits that forests and rangelands can provide.

This chapter provides indicators of the effects of climate change on California's climate, forests, and rangelands.