Framework / Assessment New Hampshire Forest Resources Plan Revision -- Assessment 2010 Summary Global carbon cycling includes storage and release of organic and inorganic carbon from soil, which is the largest reservoir of carbon. Carbon is added to soil primarily through decomposition of dead plant material. Carbon is lost from soil through runoff and oxidation of soil carbon by chemical and biological processes. Because of its size, the soil carbon pool is one of the most important considerations in modeling carbon cycling as a cause of and in response to climate change.