Litter is any dead plant material that is in contact with the soil surface. That portion of the litter component that is in contact with the soil surface (as opposed to standing dead vegetation which is not) provides a major source of the soil organic material and the raw materials for onsite nutrient cycling. Litter also helps moderate the soil microclimate and provides food for microorganisms. The amount of litter present is also a factor in enhancing the ability of the site to resist erosion.